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1 Fibres
The textile fibres of commerce are very numerous. They are usually placed in " three natural classes, vegetable, animal and mineral. The rayon filaments so far produced are all vegetable. " Vegetable fibres can be classified as follows: - Seed fibres, growing from the seeds or seed-capsules of certain plants, as cotton, Bombax, Asselepias, etc. Stem fibres, growing in the bast of certain plants, as flax, hemp, jute, etc. Leaf fibres, occurring in the leaves of certain plants, including New Zealand hemp, Manila hemp, etc. Fruit fibres, of which the sole member worth mentioning is the cocoanut fibre. Artificial fibres, represented by viscose, cellulose acetate, cuprammonium and nitrocellulose rayon. The chief fibres in the animal class are wool, silk, and the various kinds of animal hair such as camel, llama, angora, rabbit, horse, etc. The chief member of the mineral group is asbestos, a substance that resists the action of fire. Gold, silver and copper used in the making of tinsel yarns are not fibres as they do not require to be spun. Cellulose-Acetata Rayon - Filaments composed of an acetic ester of cellulose coagulated or solidified from its solution. Cuprammonium Rayon - Filaments composed of regenerated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of cellulose in ammoniacal copper oxide. Nitro-cellulose Rayon (Chardonnet) - Filaments composed of regenerated or denitrated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of nitrated cellulose. Viscose Rayon - Filaments composed of a regenerated cellulose which has been coagulated or solidified from a solution of cellulose xanthate. The preceding four definitions are proposed by the American Society for Testing Materials, Corn. D-13 -
2 волокно
fiber, filament, ( древесины) grain, thread* * *волокно́ с.
fibreв направле́нии волокна́ — with grainмати́ровать волокно́ — mat fibresпаралле́льно волокну́ — parallel to grainперпендикуля́рно волокну́ — perpendicular to grainполуча́ть волокно́ по мо́крому спо́собу пряде́ния — wet-spin a fibreполуча́ть волокно́ по сухо́му спо́собу пряде́ния — dry-spin a fibreполуча́ть волокно́ пряде́нием из распла́ва — melt-spin a fibreпрода́вливать волокно́ че́рез филье́ру — extrude through a spinneretпро́тив (направле́ния) волокна́ — against grainпрясть волокно́ — spin fibresруби́ть волокно́ на шта́пель — chop [cut, break] into staple fibresволокно́ сопротивля́ется смина́нию (хорошо, плохо) — the fibre resists wrinkling (well, poorly)трепа́ть волокно́ — scutch fibresчеса́ть волокно́ — hackle fibresакри́ловое волокно́ — acrylic fibreакрилонитри́льное волокно́ — acrylonitrile fibreальгина́тное волокно́ — alginate rayonволокно́ «ани́д» — Anide polyamide fibre (Soviet brand of nylon)асбе́стовое волокно́ — asbestos fibreацета́тное волокно́ — cellulose acetate rayonбаза́льтовое волокно́ — basalt fibre, basalt woolволо́кна ба́лки мех. — fibres of beamбелко́вое волокно́ — regenerated protein fibreве́рхнее волокно́ мех. — top [upper] fibreволокно́ «вино́л» — Vinol polyvinyl fibre (proprietary brand of Soviet-made fibre)виско́зное волокно́ — viscose fibre, viscose rayonгетероцепно́е волокно́ — heterochain fibreгидратцеллюло́зное волокно́ — cellulose-regenerated fibreгольево́е волокно́ кож. — hide fibreдиацета́тное волокно́ — cellulose acetate rayonволокно́ древеси́ны ( структура дерева) — (wood) grainдреве́сное волокно́ ( получаемое из древесины) — wood [ligneous] fibreволокно́ живо́тного происхожде́ния — animal fibreволокно́ из фторопла́ста — polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE] fibreиску́сственное волокно́ — rayonиску́сственное, белко́вое волокно́ — regenerated protein fibreиску́сственное, целлюло́зное волокно́ — regenerated cellulose fibreкапро́новое волокно́ — kapron (polycaprolactam) fibre (proprietary name of a Soviet-made fibre)карбоцепно́е волокно́ — carbochain fibreволокно́ ко́жи ( структура) — leather fibreколлаге́новое волокно́ — collagen fibreко́рдное волокно́ — cordage fibreволокно́ «лавса́н» — Lavsan polyester fibre (proprietary name of a Soviet-made fibre)листово́е волокно́ — leaf fibreло́мкое волокно́ — brittle fibreлубяно́е волокно́ — bast fibreльняно́е волокно́ — flax fibreме́дно-аммиа́чное волокно́ — cuprammonuim [copper] rayonминера́льное волокно́ — mineral fibreнатура́льное волокно́ — natural fibreнезре́лое волокно́ — unripe [unmature] fibreнеоргани́ческое волокно́ — inorganic fibreволокно́ «нитро́н» — Nitron polyacrylic fibre (proprietary name of a Soviet-made fibre)нитратцеллюло́зное волокно́ — cellulose nitrate fibre, nitrate rayonопти́ческое волокно́ ( в волоконной оптике) — optical fibreоргани́ческое волокно́ — organic fibreпенько́вое волокно́ — hemp fibreперхлорвини́ловое волокно́ — perchlorovinyl fibreплодо́вое волокно́ — fruit-hair fibreполиакри́ловое волокно́ — polyacrylic fibreполиакрилонитри́ловое волокно́ — polyacrilonitrile fibreполиами́дное волокно́ — polyamide fibreполивинилакри́ловое волокно́ — polyvinyl-acrylic fibreполивинилацета́тное волокно́ — polyvinyl-acetate fibreполивини́ловое волокно́ — polyvinyl fibreполивинилспиртово́е волокно́ — polyvinyl alcohol fibre (in the USSR, manufactured under the trade name of Vinol)поливинилхлори́дное волокно́ — polyvinyl-chloride [PVC] fibreполипропиле́новое волокно́ — polypropylene fibreполистиро́льное волокно́ — polystyrene fibreполиурета́новое волокно́ — polyurethane fibreполихлорвини́ловое волокно́ — polyvinylchloride [PVC] fibreполиэтиле́новое волокно́ — polyethylene fibreполиэфи́рное волокно́ — polyester fibreпопере́чное волокно́ мех. — transverse fibreрасти́тельное волокно́ — vegetable fibreрастя́нутое волокно́ мех. — tension fibreрегенери́рованное волокно́ — regenerated fibreсеменно́е волокно́ — seed-hair fibreсжа́тое волокно́ мех. — compression fibreсинтети́ческое волокно́ ( из синтетических исходных материалов) — synthesized [synthetic(-base) ] fibreсмоли́стое волокно́ — gummy fibreстекля́нное волокно́ — glass fibreволокно́ сте́ржня мех. — fibre of a barтексти́льное волокно́ — textile fibreтексти́льное, натура́льное волокно́ — natural textile fibreтеплоизоляцио́нное волокно́ — heat-insulation fibreтехни́ческое волокно́ — industrial fibreторфяно́е волокно́ — peat fibreтриацета́тное волокно́ — cellulose triacetate fibreхими́ческое волокно́ — chemical [man-made] fibreхру́пкое волокно́ — brittle fibreшта́пельное волокно́ — staple fibre -
3 волокно
с. fibreволокно «анид» — Anide polyamide fibre
волокно «винол» — Vinol polyvinyl fibre
волокно «лавсан» — Lavsan polyester fibre
волокно «нитрон» — Nitron polyacrylic fibre
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4 Boll
The seed pod of cotton and has from three to five cells, each of which contains from six to twelve seeds, the seeds being covered with cotton fibres. Like the fruit of other plants, the pod alters its colour at different periods of growth, changing from green to brown, the covering often becoming of a dark-brown colour and very hard before opening. The development of the component parts inside the pod sets up a great pressure, which doubtless tends to flatten the fibres. Actual ripening of the fibre takes place to a great extent after the pod has burst, because then, the fibres are liberated which allows them to expand and be acted upon by the air and sun. -
5 TEQUI
tequi > tec.*\TEQUI v.t. tla-.,1.\TEQUI couper, inciser quelque chose.Esp., cortar algo (M).Angl., to cut something (K)." tlatequi ", il coupe (des arbres).Est dit du vendeur de bois. Sah10,81." tlatequi, tlatehtequi ", il coupe (du bois), il le coupe en morceaux.Est dit du charpentier. Sah10,27." tlatequi, tlapoztequi ", il coupe, il brise.ll s'agit d'épis de maïs. Sah10,42." tlatequi, tlazohualcotôna ", il coupe, il coupe en lanières.Est dit de celui qui travaille le cuivre. Sah10,26." quitequih in înnacaz ", ils incisent leurs oreilles. Sacrifice rituel. Sah2,134.*\TEQUI terme technique, désigne dans le travail de la pierre, la coupe linéaire.(par opposition à la coupe circulaire, cf. mamali) obtenue à l'aide d'instruments tels que des bandes de bambou, des cordes en fibres végétales, de minces éclats de bois, des bandes de métal doux, etc. joints à des abrasifs humides qui effectuent réellement le travail.Marc Thouvenot. Chalchihuitl 1982,201." in quitequiyah châlchihuitl ", lorsqu'ils coupaient le jade. Sah3, 13." in tapachtli nictequi ", je coupe des coquillages. Sah11,230.2.\TEQUI cueillir (des fruits).Angl., to pick (fruit)." xôchihcualtequi tlatequi ", il cueille des fruits, il cueille.Sah10,79," nictequi ", je les cueille.Il s'agit du fruit texocotl. Sah11,119.de cerises. Sah11,121.*\TEQUI v.réfl. à sens passif, être coupé." motequi, moteinia, mocuâpayania. mocuâyahualoa in ihhuitl ", on coupe les plumes, on les égalise, on arrondit leur extrémité - feathers were broken, evened off, rounded of at the top. Sah9,94.*\TEQUI v.t. tê-., couper quelqu'un." têcuahcua, têtequi, têtoxoma ", elle pique, elle coupe, elle écorche - it bits one, cuts one, rips one. Est dit de la plante âcazacatl. Sah11,196. -
6 TEXYOH
texyoh, nom possessif.Qui a de la pâte, pâteux, qui a une texture fine.Allem., teighaltig, mehlig." texyoh, tlatexhuilli ", dought treated, with dought applied. Est dit d'un tissu de fibres de maguey. Sah10,73Fine textured.Décrit le fruit du sapotiller. Sah11,117.le manioc, cuauhcamohtli. Sah11,125.la racine cîmatl cuite. Sah11,125.tôlcîmatl. Sah11,128.cacomitl. Sah11,126.âcaxîlotl. Sah11,126.zacateztli. Sah11,126.Fine grained. Décrit le fruit du xicohtzapotl. Sah11,117.Scummy. Décrit de mauvaises dents. Sah10,109." texyoh chîlmôlli ", une sauce de farine aux piments - gepfefferte Mehlsuppe. SIS 1952,310." texyoh chîlloh ", farineux et pimenté - pfeffermehliges. SIS 1952,310." in înacayo texyoh ", sa chair est pâteuse - su carne esta llena de masa.Décrit la figue de barbarie, nochtli.Cod Flor XI 128r = ECN11,72 = Acad Hist MS 214r. -
7 तालः _tālḥ
तालः [तल् एव अण्]1 The palmyra tree, Bhāg. 8.2.12; विधिवशात्तालस्य मूलं गतः Bh.2.9; R.15.23.-2 A banner formed of the palm.-3 Slapping or clapping the hands together, the noise made by it; तलतालांश्च वादयन् Mb.3.178.17; Māl.5.23.-4 Flapping in general; विस्तारितः कुञ्जरकर्णतालैः R.7.39.-5 Flapping of the ears of an elephant.-6 Beating time (in music); करकिसलयतालैर्मुग्धया नर्त्यमानम् U.3.1; Me.81.-7 A musical instrument made of bell-metal, Bhāg. 8.15.21; उषसि स गजयूथकर्णतालैः पटुपटहध्वनिभिर्विनीतनिद्रः R.9.71.-8 The palm of the hand.-9 A lock, bolt.-1 The hilt of a sword.-11 An epithet of Śiva.-12 (In prosody) A trochee.-13 A particular measure of height; Rām.6.-14 A short span; a span measured by the thumb and the middle finger.-15 A dance; S. D.6.-लम् 1 The nut of the palmyra tree.-2 Yellow orpiment.-Comp. -अङ्कः 1 N. of Balarāma; तालाङ्को मुसली हली Ak. ततः शिवमहीपालस्तालाङ्कानुज- बुद्धिमान् Parṇāl.5.47.-2 the plam-leaf used for writing.-3 a book.-4 a saw.-5 N. of Śiva.-6 a man endowed with every fortunate mark or sign.-अव (प) चरः a dancer, an actor; Rām.2.3.17.-केतुः an epithet of Bhīṣma.-क्षीरकम्, -गर्भः the exudation of the palm; toddy.-जटा -प्रलम्बः the fibres of the palm tree (Mar. काथ्या).-ज्ञ a. knowing the measure (in music); Y.3.115.-धारकः a dancer.-ध्वजः, -भृत् m. an epithet of Balarāma.-नवमी The 9th day of the bright half of भाद्रपद.-पत्रम् 1 the palm- leaf used for writing.-2 a kind of ear-ornament (hollow cylinder of gold thrust through the lobe of the ear).-पत्री f. A widow; L. D. B.-फलम् the fruit of the plam tree; तालफलादपि गुरुमतिसरसम् । किं विफलीकुरुषे कुचकल- शम् ॥ Gīt.9.2.-बद्ध, -शुद्ध a. measured, rhythmical, regulated by musical time.-भङ्गः The loss of the measure (in music).-मर्दलः a kind of musical instrument, a cymbal.-यन्त्रम् 1 a kind of surgical instrument.-2 a lock, a lock and key.-रेचनकः a dancer, an actor.-लक्षणः an epithet of Balarāma.-वनम् a grove of trees.-वृन्तम् a fan; Ś.3.21; Ku.2.35; तालवृन्तेन किं कार्यं लब्धे मलयमारुते Udb. also तालवृन्तकः. -
8 AQUIXTIA
âquîxtia > âquixtih.*\AQUIXTIA v.i., essorer, extraire un liquide." âquîxtia ", il extrait le jus - he presses out the moisture. Préparation des fibres à partir aes feuilles d'agave. Sah10,'7;3.*\AQUIXTIA v. t. tla-., rincer, laver du linge, le passer dans l'eau.Allem., in Wasser waschen. SIS 1952,255.*\AQUIXTIA v.réfl. à sens passif, on en extrait du jus au un liquide." maquîxtia ", on en extrait du jus - produce liquido. Est dit de la plante coahtli.Cod Flor XI 114r = ECN11,66 = Acad Hist MS 203r = Sah11,110.Est dit des petites feuilles de la plante itztoncuahuitl. Sah11,257." zan mâquîxtia, zan îtehuilotca in conî ", on n'en extrait que le jus, il n'en boit que la partie transparente - solo se le saca el agua (a la planta). Solo la parte transparente se bebe.Est dit de la plante coahtli. Acad Hist MS 238v = ECN9,132." maquîxtia ", on en extrait le liquide - se le extrae el liquidv. Cod Flor XI 154v = ECN9,168." maquîxtia ", on en tire du jus - se le saca jugo.Est dit du fruit du teônacaztli.Cod Flor XI 123v = ECN11,7o = Acad Hist MS 212r.Form: sur quîxtia, morph.incorp. â-tl. -
9 CHALCAAYATL
châlcaâyatl, variante chalcâyatl.Manteau tissé à la manière d'un filet en fibres d'agave.Angl., netted cape.Allem., Netzmantel, von den Kriegern des Telpochcalli getragen.SGA II 426 et 497." zanyio in neolololo chalcayatl ", wrapped only in netted capes. Sah3,56." inin chálcayatl tlamalintli in icpatl tlatlalpitl iuhquin matlatl cilloh, in tlahtohqueh teocuitlacilloh in închalcaayauh, in cuacuachicti închalcayauh mihtoa xoxocyoh, inic mihtoa xoxocovoh huehueyipopol in îtech quipipiloa icpatetl ", this netted cape was of twisted maguey fiber, knotted like a net set with small, white gastropod shellss The rulers had golden gastropods shelles in their netted capes. Of the netted capes of the shorn ones it was said: 'They are provided with fruits'. For this reason was it said: 'They are provided with fruit', that ver,y large fiber balls hung from them. Sah3,56.Texte esp., 'vestianse con las mantas de maguey que se llaman 'chalcaayatl', las cuales eran tejidas de hilo de maguey torcido, no eran tupidas, sino flojas y ralas, a manera de red' (Sah III Appendix cap.51. SGA II 426.Form: sur âyâtl, morph.incorp. chalca-tl. -
10 CHAYOHTLI
chayohtli:Petit légume très tendre qui ressemble à la courge d'été.R.Siméon donne la variante chayotl.Aztéq. chayote, légume vert à peau très caractéristique car couverte d'épines, mais il existe aussi une variété à peau lisse.Esp., fruta como calabacia espinosa por encima o como erizo (M).Angl., chayote, a spiny, edible squash (K).Sechium edule Swartz. Une cucurbitacée à peau épineuse ou lisse. SIS 1976,200.Chayote cité dans une énumération de fruits. Sechium edule Sw (Hernandez I 167) Sah10,79.Cité dans une liste de fruits et de comestibles dans Sah8,68.Chayote ou chaïote = courge au fruit comestible du Mexique (c'est une plante grimpante dont les fibres sont utilisées dans la fabrication de chapeaux, à la Réunion, sous le nom de paille de chouchoute). -
11 naturale
natural* * *naturale agg.1 natural: bellezze naturali, natural beauties; fenomeni naturali, natural phenomena; forze naturali, natural forces; leggi naturali, natural laws; (dir.) diritto naturale, natural law; scienze naturali, natural science (o natural history); confine naturale, natural boundary (o barrier) // figlio naturale, natural (o illegitimate) son // morte naturale, natural death // vita natural durante, for one's natural (o whole) life // (dir.) obbligazione naturale, imperfect (o natural) obligation2 ( innato) natural, innate: abilità naturali, innate (o natural) abilities; avere una naturale inclinazione per la musica, to have a natural gift for music3 ( spontaneo) natural, unaffected: linguaggio naturale, unstudied language; parla in modo molto naturale, he speaks in a very natural way (o very naturally)4 ( non contraffatto, genuino) natural, genuine: vino naturale, genuine wine; i miei capelli sono naturali, my hair is natural; provare una naturale simpatia per qlcu., to take a spontaneous liking to s.o. // fibre naturali, natural fibres // gas naturale, natural gas // (comm.): prodotto naturale, natural product; economia naturale, non-monetary economy5 ( ovvio) natural, obvious: è naturale che egli lo pensi, it is natural for him to think so; questo è naturale, that's obvious (o of course o naturally); ''Verrai anche tu?'' ''Naturale!'', ''Are you coming?'' ''Of course!''6 (mus.) natural◆ s.m.1 (antiq.) ( carattere, indole) nature, character, disposition: il suo naturale è così fatto, that is his character3 al naturale, life-size: ritratto al naturale, life-size portrait // verdure al naturale, uncooked vegetables.* * *[natu'rale]1. agg(gen) natural(ma) è naturale! — (in risposte) of course!
2. smal naturale — (alimenti) served plain, (ritratto) life-size
pesche/fragole al naturale — peaches/strawberries in fruit juice
è più bella al naturale — (senza trucco) she's prettier without make-up
* * *[natu'rale]1) [legge, diritto, confine, gas] naturala grandezza naturale — [ritratto, statua] life-size
2) al naturale (senza additivi) [yogurt, formaggio] natural* * *naturale/natu'rale/1 [legge, diritto, confine, gas] natural; acqua naturale still water; è una bionda naturale her hair is naturally blonde; a grandezza naturale [ritratto, statua] life-size; gli viene naturale it's second nature to him; è del tutto naturale che sia curiosa it's only natural for her to be curious; morte naturale death for natural causes2 al naturale (senza additivi) [yogurt, formaggio] natural; da consumare al naturale to be eaten on its own. -
12 Chagnar Fibre
A strong leaf fibre, yielded by the Bromelia Serra in Argentine and used for making cordage, bags, ham mocks, etc. Also the Mataco Indians made a sort of cuirass from the fibres and wore it as a defence when at war. The cuirass was padded before and behind with cotton from the fruit of the " Yachan." When the natives roll themselves in water, the fibre swells, and the cuirass becpmes arrow-proof. -
13 rot
∎ to rot in prison pourrir ou croupir en prison;∎ familiar let them rot! qu'ils crèvent!(vegetable, fibres) (faire) pourrir; (tooth) carier, gâter;∎ sugar rots your teeth le sucre gâte les dents ou donne des caries3 noun∎ the rot has set in ça commence à se gâter;∎ to stop the rot empêcher les choses de se dégrader, remonter la pente;∎ we've stopped the rot on remonte la pente∎ don't talk rot! arrête de raconter n'importe quoi!;∎ that's utter rot!, what rot! c'est vraiment n'importe quoi!(compost material) se décomposer
См. также в других словарях:
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